Digital grief and bereavement in the social media era: a systematic literature review of psychological adaptation, online mourning, and counseling interventions

Abstract

Death, loss, and mourning are universal experiences, yet contexts of grief have been transformed by social media and digital technologies. This systematic literature review synthesized evidence on digital grief and bereavement, focusing on online mourning, adaptation, and technology-mediated counseling. Following PRISMA 2020, a Scopus search identified 633 records; 622 were screened after exclusions, 61 full texts assessed, and 10 studies retained for synthesis, supported by 50 sources. Thematic synthesis addressed three research questions and bibliometric analysis. Three findings emerged. First, online spaces offer accessible, anonymous, and asynchronous support for stigmatized losses such as suicide, perinatal loss, and infertility-related grief. Second, digital mourning has ambivalent effects, providing social support and continuing bonds while potentially exposing mourners to distress contagion, harmful content, and isolation. Third, internet-based self-help, cognitive therapy, and co-designed resources show acceptability and feasibility, although effectiveness evidence remains limited. Future research should emphasize controlled trials, longitudinal designs, diversity, and safeguarding.